Understanding of Countable Nouns
Countable Noun consists of two category (1) Singular Noun and (2) Plural Noun.
Singular Noun
A noun exhibits the meaning of only one person,
place, things, it is said to be singular noun.
Examples: boy, girl, book, church, box
Plural Noun
A noun exhibits the meaning of more than one person,
places, things, it is said to be Plural Noun.
Examples: boys, girls, books, churches, boxes
How to make singular noun to plural noun
There are eight rules through which a singular can be made plural noun.
Rule #1
The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding 's' to a singular noun.
|
Plural+s |
معنی |
Singular |
|
|
Ants |
چنتی |
Ant |
|
|
Bananas |
کیلا |
Banana |
|
|
Bicycles |
سائیکل |
Bicycle |
|
|
Birds |
چڑیا |
Bird |
|
|
Boys |
لڑکا |
Boy |
|
|
Cats |
بلی |
Cat |
|
|
Chairs |
کرسی |
Chair |
|
|
Cows |
گاہے |
Cow |
|
|
Camels |
اونٹ |
Camel |
|
|
Daughters |
بیٹی |
Daughter |
|
|
Dogs |
کتا |
Dog |
|
|
Dolls |
گڑیا |
Doll |
|
|
Eggs |
انڈا |
Egg |
|
|
Flowers |
پھول |
Flower |
|
|
Girls |
لڑکی |
Girl |
|
|
Grapes |
انگور |
Grape |
|
|
Girls |
Girl |
||
|
Humans |
انساں |
Human |
|
|
Jugs |
جگ |
Jug |
|
|
Kings |
بادشاہ |
king |
|
|
Lions |
شیر |
Lion |
|
|
Leos |
لیو |
Leo |
|
|
Magazines |
رسالہ |
Magazine |
|
|
Manifestos |
اعلان |
Manifesto |
|
|
Mongooses |
نیولا |
Mongoose |
|
|
Noses |
ناک |
Nose |
|
|
Oranges |
کملا نیمبو |
Orange |
|
|
Pens |
قلم |
Pen |
|
|
Pianos |
پیانو |
Piano |
|
|
Pictures |
تصویر |
Picture |
|
|
Pots |
برتن |
Pot |
|
|
Queens |
رانی |
Queen |
|
|
Roses |
گلاب |
Rose |
|
|
Spoonfuls |
چمچ بھر |
Spoonful |
|
|
Tobaccos |
تمباکو |
Tobacco |
|
|
Trees |
درخت |
Tree |
|
|
Toys |
کھلونا |
Toy |
|
|
Vases |
لمبا گول برتن |
Vase |
|
|
Videos |
وڈیو |
Video |
|
|
Well |
کنوا |
Well |
|
Rule # 2
Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch form the plural by adding ‘es’.
|
Plural+es |
اردو معنی |
Singular |
|
Arches |
محراب |
Arch |
|
Atlases |
کوہ اطلس |
Atlas |
|
Axes |
Ax |
|
|
Bashes |
پاش پاش ہونا |
Bash |
|
Benches |
بینچ |
Bench |
|
Botches |
بھدا پیوند |
Botch |
|
Boxes |
ڈبہ |
Box |
|
Buses |
بس |
Bus |
|
Bosses |
افسر |
Boss |
|
Batches |
ایک گھان کی روٹیاں |
Batch |
|
Bushes |
جھاڑ |
Bush |
|
Bunches |
ڈار/جھنڈ |
Bunch |
|
Brushes |
برش |
Brush |
|
Canvases |
کرمچ |
Canvas |
|
Catches |
پکڑنا |
Catch |
|
Churches |
گرجہ |
Church |
|
Classes |
ذات/ درجہ/رتبہ |
Class |
|
Compasses |
احاطہ |
Compass |
|
Crashes |
حادثہ |
Crash |
|
Coaches |
استاد/شاہی گاری |
Coach |
|
Crutches |
سہارا |
Crutch |
|
Clutches |
چنگل |
Clutch |
|
Dishes |
رکابی |
Dish |
|
Ditches |
نالہ |
Ditch |
|
Dresses |
لباس |
Dress |
|
Equinoxes |
اعتدالین |
Equinox |
|
Etches |
Etch |
|
|
Fetches |
سانس |
Fetch |
|
Faxes |
فیکس |
Fax |
|
Fixes |
درست کرنا |
Fix |
|
Foxes |
لومڑی |
Fox |
|
Gasses |
گیس |
Gass |
|
Grasses |
گھاس |
Grass |
|
Itches |
کھاج |
Itch |
|
Latches |
تخنی |
Latch |
|
Lasses |
محبوبہ |
Lass |
|
Lashes |
کوڑے مارنا |
Lash |
|
Lynxes |
بن بلاؤ |
Lynx |
|
Messes |
کھانا |
Mess |
|
Marches |
سفر |
March |
|
Marshes |
دلدل |
Marsh |
|
Masses |
تودہ |
Mass |
|
Matches |
مدمقابل |
Match |
|
Mixes |
مرکب |
Mix |
|
Notches |
موکھا |
Notch |
|
Passes |
گزرنا |
Pass |
|
Patches |
ٹاٹ |
Patch |
|
Pitches |
تارکول |
Pitch |
|
Porches |
پیش در |
Porch |
|
Passes |
گزرنا |
Pass |
|
Pluses |
جمع |
Plus |
|
Quizzes |
کوئز |
Quiz |
|
Radishes’ |
مولی |
Radish |
|
Rushes |
دوڑ |
Rush |
|
Sketches |
خاکہ |
Sketch |
|
Splashes |
چھڑکنا |
Splash |
|
Sphinxes |
اسپنکس |
Sphinx |
|
Starches |
ماوا |
Starch |
|
Stitches |
ٹانکنا |
Stitch |
|
Taxes |
ٹیکس |
Tax |
|
Touches |
چھونا |
Touch |
|
Topazes |
پکھراج |
Topaz |
|
Torches |
مشعل |
Torch |
|
Thrushes |
قلاع |
Thrush |
|
Wishes |
آرزو |
Wish |
|
Washes |
دھونا |
Wash |
Rule #3
Nouns ending in y preceded
by a consonant is formed into a plural by changing y to ‘ies’.
|
|
اردو معنی |
Singular+y |
|
Activities |
جوش |
Activity |
|
Armies |
فوج |
Army |
|
Beauties |
خوبصورتی |
Beauty |
|
Babies |
بچہ |
Baby |
|
Berries |
ایک طرح کا پھل |
Berry |
|
Bullies |
لڑاکا/ ستانا |
Bully |
|
Butterflies |
تتلی |
Butterfly |
|
Candies |
مصری |
Candy |
|
Cherries |
سرخی |
Cherry |
|
Cities |
شہر |
City |
|
Countries |
ملک |
Country |
|
Cries |
رونا |
Cry |
|
Curries |
سالن |
Curry |
|
Destinies |
مقدر |
Destiny |
|
Dictionaries |
لغت |
Dictionary |
|
Diaries |
روز نمجی |
Diary |
|
Difficulties |
مشکل |
Difficulty |
|
Discoveries |
کھوج |
Discovery |
|
Disparities |
فرق |
Disparity |
|
Duties |
فرض |
Duty |
|
Eighties |
اسی |
Eighty |
|
Enemies |
دشمن |
Enemy |
|
Fairies |
پری |
Fairy |
|
Faculties |
لیاقت |
Faculty |
|
Families |
خاندان |
Family |
|
Fantasies |
واہمہ |
Fantasy |
|
Flies |
مکھی |
Fly |
|
Fries |
تلنا |
Fry |
|
Galleries |
لمبا کمرہ |
Gallery |
|
Grannies |
دادی |
Granny |
|
Hobbies |
شوق |
Hobby |
|
Ideologies |
علم تصورات |
Ideology |
|
Jellies |
لعاب |
Jelly |
|
Kitties |
بلی کا بچہ |
Kitty |
|
Ladies |
عورت |
Lady |
|
Liabilities |
جوابدہی |
Liability |
|
Libraries |
کتب خانہ |
Library |
|
Lorries |
ترک |
Lorry |
|
Missionaries |
تبلیغی |
Missionary |
|
Melodies |
ترانہ |
Melody |
|
Nappies |
بچے کا رومال |
Nappy |
|
Nationalities |
قومیت |
Nationality |
|
Opportunities |
موقع |
Opportunity |
|
Parties |
جماعت |
Party |
|
Parities |
مساوات |
Parity |
|
Philosophies |
فلسفہ |
Philosophy |
|
Policies |
سیاسی مصلحت اندیسی |
Policy |
|
Puppies |
کتے کا بچہ |
Puppy |
|
Responsibilities |
زمیداری |
Responsibility |
|
Secretaries |
متعمد |
Secretary |
|
Skies |
آسمان |
Sky |
|
Spies |
جاسوس |
Spy |
|
Stories |
کہانی |
Story |
|
Studies |
مطالعہ |
Study |
|
Strawberries |
سٹابرے پھل |
Strawberry |
|
Territories |
قلاقه/ ملک |
Territory |
|
Theories |
نظریہ |
Theory |
|
Tries |
کوشش |
Try |
|
Universities |
جامع درس گاہ |
University |
|
Varieties |
مختلف قمس |
Variety |
Rule #4
Nouns ending in 'y' or 'w' preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding ‘s’.
|
Plural+s |
اردو معنی |
Singular+y/w |
|
Airways |
ہوا گزر |
Airway |
|
Alleys |
پٹری |
Alley |
|
Annoys |
ستانا |
Annoy |
|
Arrays |
سنوارنا |
Array |
|
Attorneys |
وکیل |
Attorney |
|
Birthdays |
یوم پیدائش |
Birthday |
|
Boys |
لڑکا |
Boy |
|
Chimneys |
چمنی |
Chimney |
|
Cows |
گاہے |
Cow |
|
Days |
دن |
Day |
|
Delays |
تاخیر |
Delay |
|
Donkeys |
گدھا |
Donkey |
|
Employs |
ملزم |
Employ |
|
Essays |
مضمون |
Essay |
|
Jaws |
جبڑا |
Jaw |
|
Joys |
خوشی |
Joy |
|
Key |
کنجی |
Keys |
|
Moneys |
پیسہ |
Money |
|
Monkeys |
بندر |
Monkey |
|
Plays |
کھیلنا |
Play |
|
Prays |
دعا |
Pray |
|
Stays |
رہنا |
Stay |
|
Surveys |
معانہ کرنا |
Survey |
|
Toys |
کھلونا |
Toy |
|
Trays |
طباق |
Tray |
|
Turkeys |
ایک قمس کا مرغ |
Turkey |
|
Valleys |
وادی |
Valley |
|
Viceroys |
صوبیدار |
Viceroy |
|
Volleys |
بوچھار |
Volleys |
|
Ways |
راستہ |
Way |
Rule #5
Most nouns ending in o
preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by adding ‘es’.
|
Plural+es |
اردو معنی |
Singular+o |
|
Buffaloes |
بھینس |
Buffalo |
|
Calicoes |
چھپا ہوا |
Calico |
|
Cargoes |
بار جہاز |
Cargo |
|
Dominoes |
عورتوں کا مقامی لباس |
Domino |
|
Echoes |
گونج |
Echo |
|
Heroes |
بہادر |
Hero |
|
Mangoes |
آم |
Mango |
|
Mottoes |
مقولہ/ قول |
Motto |
|
Mosquitoes |
مچھر |
Mosquito |
|
Potatoes |
آلو |
Potato |
|
Tomatoes |
ٹماٹر |
Tomato |
|
Tornadoes |
آندھی |
Tornado |
|
Vetoes |
ایک سیاسی طاقت |
Veto |
|
Volcanoes |
آتش فشاں |
Volcano |
Exception: The following are among those nouns that add 's' only.
|
Plural+s |
اردو معنی |
Singular+o |
|
Albinos |
بھورا |
Albino |
|
Cantos |
کھنڈ |
Canto |
|
Halos |
بالہ |
Halo |
|
Lassos |
کچے چمڑے کا پھندا |
Lasso |
|
Mementos |
یادگار |
Memento |
|
Pianos |
پیانو |
Piano |
|
Disco |
قرصہ |
Discos |
|
Dynamos |
برقی قوت مشین |
Dynamo |
|
Siroccos |
صحرائے اعظم کی باد سموم |
Sirocco |
|
Tyros |
نو آموز |
Tyro |
|
Commando |
فوجی دستہ |
Commandos |
|
Ghetto |
یہودی بستی |
Ghettos |
|
Kilo |
کلو |
Kilos |
|
Photo |
تصویر |
photos |
|
Silo |
چارا گودام |
Silos |
|
Solo |
گانے کی چیز |
Solos |
|
Zero |
صفر |
Zeros |
Rule #6
Most nouns ending in o
preceded by a vowel is formed into a plural by adding 's'.
|
Plural+s |
اردو معنی |
Singular+o |
|
Bamboos |
بانس |
Bamboo |
|
Casinos |
ناچ گھر |
Casino |
|
Cameos |
منیت کاری |
Cameo |
|
Duos |
دوہری |
Duo |
|
Folios |
ایک تختے کے دو ورق |
Folio |
|
Kangaroos |
کنگرو |
Kangaroo |
|
Portfolios |
قلمدان وزارت |
Portfolio |
|
Studios |
فوٹوگرافی کی دکان |
Studio |
|
Radios |
ریڈیو |
Radio |
|
Ratios |
تناسب |
Ratio |
|
Scenarios |
منظر وار |
Scenario |
|
Stereos |
Stereo |
|
|
Tattoos |
گودنے کا نشان |
Tattoo |
|
Trios |
تین |
Trio |
|
Videos |
وڈیو |
Video |
|
Zoos |
چڑیا گھر |
Zoo |
Rule # 7
Some nouns ending in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ are made plural by changing ‘f’ or ‘fe’ to ‘ves’.
|
Plural+ ves |
اردو معنی |
Singular+f/fe |
|
Afterlives |
بعد زندگی |
Afterlife |
|
Calves |
گے کا بچہ |
Calf |
|
Dwarves |
بونا |
Dwarf |
|
Elves |
جنّت/ پریا |
Elf |
|
Halves |
آدھا |
Half |
|
Hooves |
کھر |
Hoof |
|
Housewives |
خاتون خانہ |
Housewife |
|
Knives |
چاکو |
Knife |
|
Leaves |
پتہ |
Leaf |
|
Lives |
زندگی |
Life |
|
Loaves |
نان/ روٹی |
Loaf |
|
Ourselves |
خود سے |
Our self |
|
Scarves |
اوڑھنی |
Scarf |
|
Selves |
خود |
Self |
|
Shelves |
چھجہ |
shelf |
|
Sheaves |
میٹھا/ پولی |
Sheaf |
|
Thieves |
چور |
Thief |
|
Wives |
بیوی |
Wife |
|
Wolves |
بھریا |
Wolf |
Exceptions: The following may form their plurals by adding ‘s’.
|
Plural+ s |
اردو مانی |
Singular+ f/fe |
|
Fifes |
مرلی |
Fife |
|
Mischiefs |
حادثہ |
Mischief |
|
Roofs |
چھت |
Roof |
|
Gulfs |
خلیج |
Gulf |
|
Proofs |
ثبوت |
Proof |
|
Beliefs |
یقیں |
Belief |
|
Chiefs |
صدر |
Chief |
|
Safes |
ماموں |
Safe |
Rule #8
IRREGULAR PLURALS are formed by changing their vowel.
|
Plural |
اردو معنی |
Singular |
|
Addenda |
ضمیمہ |
Addendum |
|
Algae |
کائی |
Alga |
|
Alumnae |
طالب علم لڑکی |
Alumna |
|
Alumni |
شاگرد |
Alumnus |
|
Analyses |
تجزیہ |
Analysis |
|
Antennae |
محاس |
Antenna |
|
Axes |
محور |
Axis |
|
Bacilli |
عصی |
Bacillus |
|
Bacteria |
بکٹیریا |
Bacterium |
|
Bases |
بنیاد |
Basis |
|
Beaux |
جمالیاتی فنون |
Beau |
|
Cacti |
Cactus |
|
|
Children |
بچہ |
Child |
|
Corpora |
جسم |
Corpus |
|
Crises |
بحران |
Crisis |
|
Criteria |
پہچان معیار |
Criterion |
|
Curricula |
نصابی کتابیں |
Curriculum |
|
Data |
نقطہ آغاز |
Datum |
|
Diagnoses |
بیماری کا پتہ لگانا |
Diagnosis |
|
Dice |
مرنا |
Die |
|
Eclipses |
کسوف |
Ellipsis |
|
Feet |
پاؤں |
Foot |
|
Firemen |
آگ بجھانے والا |
Fireman |
|
Foci |
مرکز نگاہ |
Focus |
|
Fungi |
کھمبی |
Fungus |
|
Geese |
ہنس |
Goose |
|
Matrices |
سانچہ |
Matrix |
|
Media |
درمیانی |
Medium |
|
Men |
آدمی |
Man |
|
Mice |
چوہا |
Mouse |
|
Nebulae |
آنکھ کا جالا |
Nebula |
|
Nuclei |
مرکز |
Nucleus |
|
Oases |
نخلستان |
Oasis |
|
Ova |
انڈا |
Ovum |
|
Oxen |
بیل |
Ox |
|
People |
انسان |
Person |
|
Phenomena |
مظاھر |
Phenomenon |
|
Syllabi |
Syllabus |
|
|
Teeth |
دانت |
Tooth |
|
These |
یہ وہ |
This |
|
Those |
وہ |
That |
|
Theses |
دعوی |
Thesis |
|
Women |
عورت |
Woman |
The following nouns have no singular
|
Plural |
Plural |
|
|
Bellows |
Riches |
|
|
Cattle |
Scissors |
|
|
Clothes |
Shears |
|
|
Dregs |
Snuffers |
|
|
Goggles |
Remains |
|
|
Oats |
Tongs |
|
|
Measles |
Trousers |
|
|
Mumps |
Tweezers |
|
|
Pants |
Victuals |
|
|
Pinchers |
Vespers |
Below are the lists of nouns which are always singular. Some of these nouns may be used in the plural when different kinds are meant.
|
Singular |
Singular |
|
|
Copper |
Mathematics |
|
|
Cotton |
Molasses |
|
|
Corn |
News |
|
|
Ethics |
Silver |
|
|
Gold |
Sugar |
|
|
Gallows |
Wheat |
Below are the list of special words that same in singular and plural forms.
|
Plural + Singular |
Plural + Singular |
Plural + Singular |
|
|
Accommodation |
Flour |
Pants, |
|
|
Advice |
Food |
Pajamas |
|
|
Alms |
Fruit |
Passion fruit |
|
|
Aircraft |
Furniture |
Pike |
|
|
Aluminum |
Gallows |
Pliers |
|
|
Barracks |
Goldfish |
Police |
|
|
Bison |
Grapefruit |
Premises |
|
|
Binoculars |
Greenfly |
Reindeer |
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Bourgeois |
Grouse |
Rendezvous |
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Breadfruit |
Kudos |
Salmon |
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Cannon |
Leggings |
Scissors |
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Caribou |
Lego |
Series |
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Cattle |
Luggage |
Shambles |
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Chalk |
Moose |
Sheep |
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Chassis, |
Monkfish |
Shellfish |
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Chinos |
Mullet |
Shorts |
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Clippers |
Haddock |
Shrimp |
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Clothing |
Halibut |
Smithereens |
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Cod |
Head (cattle) |
Spacecraft, |
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Concrete |
Headquarters |
Species |
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Corps |
Help |
Squid |
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Correspondence |
Homework |
Starfruit |
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Crossroads |
Hovercraft |
Stone (weight) |
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Deer |
Ides |
Sugar |
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Dice |
Insignia |
Swine |
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Doldrums |
Jack fruit |
Tongs |
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Dungarees |
Jeans |
Trousers |
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Education |
Knickers |
Trout |
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Egg fruit |
Knowledge |
Tuna |
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Elk |
Nail clippers |
Tweezers |
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Eyeglasses |
News |
You |
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Fish |
Offspring |
Wheat |
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Flares |
Oxygen |
Wood |
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